Proportional Circle Map

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This is a proportional circle map, one in which the data for each region is represented by a circle proportional to the data. This map is range graded, meaning each circle's size represents a range of numbers, and not an exact number. This map shows American Indian population by state.

Line Graph

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A line graph shows a change in a variable over time with a continuous line.  This one shows world population throughout history. The population began to boom right after the Industrial Revolution.

GIS Map

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GIS maps combine data with a map. The data is geographically referenced, meaning where the data is displayed on the map is where the event happened in real life. This is an early GIS map made by John Snow, who mapped cholera cases in London. By looking at the frequency and location of the cases, he was able to find the source.

Regular Photo

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Maps convey information about an area, and are representations of space. Photos do this, and so photos are maps too. This is a photo of the rural town of Bethel, PA. Someone could possibly use this as a map. They could use it find where the lake is, where the houses are, where the road is, and where the hill is.

Ideograms

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Ideograms are graphic symbols that represent ideas or concepts. Chinese, Japanese, and Korean characters are example of ideograms. 

Univariate Choropleth Map

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A univariate choropleth map shows only one data set, unlike bivariate choropleth maps, which show two. This map shows change in divorce rates in the US. It is areally averaged, and it is also classed. 

Unclassed Choropleth Map

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An unclassed choropleth map uses a continuum of shading to display the data. Unlike with classed choropleth maps, these don't have colors that represent ranges of data. Instead, each color represents a specific data score. In unclassed maps it is difficult to show each individual score, but they are useful for making general judgments.We may not know what the exact scores are, but we do know that France is a darker color than Spain, so France has a higher fertility rate than Spain.

Mental Map

 

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Mental maps are representations of an area that are drawn from memory and the point of view of the person. They are not meant to be used practically; they simply show the perceptions the cartographer has about the space. This map was drawn by a student in Thailand.

Concept Map

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This is a concept map about pathogens. Concept maps show relationships among concepts. They are used for visualizing ideas.

Sonar Map

 

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This is a sonar map showing feature of a sea bed. Sonar is an acronym for sound navigation and ranging and is a type of remote sensing. Sound waves are transmitted through water and sensors use the reflected waves to make an image. 

Bivariate Choropleth Map

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A bivariate choropleth map is one in which two sets of data, or two variables, are represented on a map using two different colors or symbols. These are useful for visualizing the relationship between the two variables. This map displays the relationship between surface mining and poverty in Appalachia.

Classed Choropleth Map

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A classed choropleth map shows areal data in intervals. This map has six intervals. The cartographer used equal steps to determine the intervals.

Unstandardized Choropleth Map

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This is an unstandardized choropleth map that shows GDP according to country. It is unstandardized because it just shows raw data, and not as a percentage or some other standardization.  GDP is dependent on many factors, including population, so a standardized version of this map would perhaps display a population to GDP ratio.

Areally Averaged Choropleth Map

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This is a areally averaged/standardized choropleth map, meaning the data is put into percentages. If it was made with just raw data, it would be unstandardized, and the map would look very different. Counties with a low population but a high percentage of Hispanic people would not be fairly recognized on the map, and vice versa.

Continuously Graded Proportional Circle Map

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This is a continuously graded proportional circle map, meaning the size of the circles are not bound by ranges, which gives a better representation of comparison of data. However, exact frequencies or ranges of frequencies are not known; all you can tell is which parts of the country gave more endorsements than others.  This map is also interactive. If you hover over the circles on the map, it will tell you the city, state, what newspaper it is, and the circulation of the newspaper.

State Plane Coordinate System Map

 

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This is the SPC map for California. Every state has a different SPC map, in which the state is divided into zones, and zone boundaries are often along county lines. Every state also uses a different projection to minimize distortion. SPC maps are good for use locally, since there is less distortion than the UTM map.

UTM Map

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The Universal Transverse Mercator system divides the world into 60 zones on a grid over the Transverse Projection. Each zone spans 6 degrees of latitude. This system is used for measuring distance on Earth.

Geopotential Height Map

 

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Geopotential height approximates average height of a pressure surface above sea level. The isolines connecting points of equal height are called height contours.

Bathymetric Map

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Bathymetric maps emphasize sea floor elevation. This map is of the Carribean The purple area is the deepest. The yellow and areas are land above water. While some bathymetric maps use color, others can use isolines.