Proportional Circle Map

Link here.
This is a proportional circle map, one in which the data for each region is represented by a circle proportional to the data. This map is range graded, meaning each circle's size represents a range of numbers, and not an exact number. This map shows American Indian population by state.

Line Graph

Link here. 
A line graph shows a change in a variable over time with a continuous line.  This one shows world population throughout history. The population began to boom right after the Industrial Revolution.

GIS Map

Link here. 
GIS maps combine data with a map. The data is geographically referenced, meaning where the data is displayed on the map is where the event happened in real life. This is an early GIS map made by John Snow, who mapped cholera cases in London. By looking at the frequency and location of the cases, he was able to find the source.

Regular Photo

Link here.
Maps convey information about an area, and are representations of space. Photos do this, and so photos are maps too. This is a photo of the rural town of Bethel, PA. Someone could possibly use this as a map. They could use it find where the lake is, where the houses are, where the road is, and where the hill is.

Ideograms

Link here.
Ideograms are graphic symbols that represent ideas or concepts. Chinese, Japanese, and Korean characters are example of ideograms. 

Univariate Choropleth Map

Link here. 
A univariate choropleth map shows only one data set, unlike bivariate choropleth maps, which show two. This map shows change in divorce rates in the US. It is areally averaged, and it is also classed. 

Unclassed Choropleth Map

Link here.
An unclassed choropleth map uses a continuum of shading to display the data. Unlike with classed choropleth maps, these don't have colors that represent ranges of data. Instead, each color represents a specific data score. In unclassed maps it is difficult to show each individual score, but they are useful for making general judgments.We may not know what the exact scores are, but we do know that France is a darker color than Spain, so France has a higher fertility rate than Spain.

Mental Map

 

Link here. 

Mental maps are representations of an area that are drawn from memory and the point of view of the person. They are not meant to be used practically; they simply show the perceptions the cartographer has about the space. This map was drawn by a student in Thailand.

Concept Map

Link here.
This is a concept map about pathogens. Concept maps show relationships among concepts. They are used for visualizing ideas.

Sonar Map

 

Link here. 

This is a sonar map showing feature of a sea bed. Sonar is an acronym for sound navigation and ranging and is a type of remote sensing. Sound waves are transmitted through water and sensors use the reflected waves to make an image. 

Bivariate Choropleth Map

Link here. 

A bivariate choropleth map is one in which two sets of data, or two variables, are represented on a map using two different colors or symbols. These are useful for visualizing the relationship between the two variables. This map displays the relationship between surface mining and poverty in Appalachia.

Classed Choropleth Map

Link here. 
A classed choropleth map shows areal data in intervals. This map has six intervals. The cartographer used equal steps to determine the intervals.

Unstandardized Choropleth Map

Link here.
This is an unstandardized choropleth map that shows GDP according to country. It is unstandardized because it just shows raw data, and not as a percentage or some other standardization.  GDP is dependent on many factors, including population, so a standardized version of this map would perhaps display a population to GDP ratio.

Areally Averaged Choropleth Map

Link here. 
This is a areally averaged/standardized choropleth map, meaning the data is put into percentages. If it was made with just raw data, it would be unstandardized, and the map would look very different. Counties with a low population but a high percentage of Hispanic people would not be fairly recognized on the map, and vice versa.

Continuously Graded Proportional Circle Map

Link here.
This is a continuously graded proportional circle map, meaning the size of the circles are not bound by ranges, which gives a better representation of comparison of data. However, exact frequencies or ranges of frequencies are not known; all you can tell is which parts of the country gave more endorsements than others.  This map is also interactive. If you hover over the circles on the map, it will tell you the city, state, what newspaper it is, and the circulation of the newspaper.

State Plane Coordinate System Map

 

Link here. 

This is the SPC map for California. Every state has a different SPC map, in which the state is divided into zones, and zone boundaries are often along county lines. Every state also uses a different projection to minimize distortion. SPC maps are good for use locally, since there is less distortion than the UTM map.

UTM Map

Link here. 
The Universal Transverse Mercator system divides the world into 60 zones on a grid over the Transverse Projection. Each zone spans 6 degrees of latitude. This system is used for measuring distance on Earth.

Geopotential Height Map

 

Link here. 

Geopotential height approximates average height of a pressure surface above sea level. The isolines connecting points of equal height are called height contours.

Bathymetric Map

Link here. 
Bathymetric maps emphasize sea floor elevation. This map is of the Carribean The purple area is the deepest. The yellow and areas are land above water. While some bathymetric maps use color, others can use isolines.

Nominal Area Choropleth Map

Link here.
These kinds of maps display data nominal data with color. The color is not shaded in proportion with frequency of data like in a regular choropleth map, because it cannot be since this is nominal data. This one shows the results of the 2008 Presidential election.

Bilateral Graph

Link here.
A bilateral graph dispays two sets of data from two related variables on the same graph for comparison. Sometimes, it shows one data set increasing, while the other decreases. This one demonstrates the demographic transition, a phenomenon in which a country transitions from high birht and death rates to low birth and death rates.

Lorenz Curve

Link here.
A Lorenz curve most often shows income distribution and income inequality. It shows the proportion of distribution assumed by the bottom y% of values.

Index Value Plot

Link here.
An index value plot shows the relativity of values in a data set to an indexed value. It aims to show variation from what should be normal.

Scatter Plot

Link here.

A scatter plot is a series of dots, each connecting two values: the dependent and independent variable. These are good for showing the kind of correlation of a data set. The best fit lines averages the data points and gives us an idea of the correlation. This graph shows a positive correlation.

Population Profile

Link here.

Population profile, also called population pyramids, display number of people in age groups of a population. Males are on the left, females are on the right, and each bar represents a different age group. This one shows the impact of AIDS in Botswana in the year 2020. Demographers often make these graphs from future predictions of population.

Climograph

Link here.
A climograph graphically displays monthly precipitation and temerature. Precipitation is shown with a bar graph and temperature is shown with a line graph.

Wind Rose

Link here.

A wind rose graphically displays distribution of wind speed and direction. They show frequency of wind in a particular direction.  

Triangular Plot

Link here.
A triangular plot displays 3 variables and their ratios as positions in a triangle. The three variables, a, b, and c must add up to equal a constant K.

Parallel Coordinate Graph

Link here.
A parallel coordinate graph contains many sets of data, and connects the dependent variable with a series of values through lines. Each line is connected to points that each represent a different variable.

Histogram

Link here.
Histograms show a summary of a data set by using bars to show frequency. Unlike a bar graph, data in a histogram are grouped by range of scores (not by category), and thus the bars are stuck together unless there is a gap in the data. Histograms show frequency and distribution.

Box Plot

Link here.
Box plots display data by emphasizing the 5 number summary: the minimum, lower quartile, median, upper quartile and the maximum. They are good for showing variation and identifying outliers.

Stem and Leaf Plot

Link here.
A stem and leaf plot is a way of showing a group of scores and frequency. The stem always has a  larger place value than the leaf. This is a convenient way to display data and frequency.

Similarity Matrix

Link here.

A similarity matrix shows similarity between two data points.  

Correlation Matrix

Link here.

A correlation matrix is a statistcal chart that shows correlations between two variables. This one is a correlation matrix of phage T7 proteins.  

Star Plot

Link here.
A star plot is a way to display statistical data from multiple variables. These variables are represented on axes starting from the same point.

DOQQ

Link here.

Digital Orthophoto Quarter Quads are aerial photos produced by the USGS. This one is a color infrared photo of North Carolina taken in 1998.  

DEM

Link here.
A Digital Elevation Model is a digital representation of the terrain. This one is of the Hellas region of Mars.

DLG

Link here.
Digital Line Graphs contain vector representations of an area. They are developed by the USGS. This map contains a grid over a hypsometric map showing elevation data.

DRG

Link here.

The US Geological Survey makes topographic maps of the entire US, and the distribute them in the form of Digital Raster Graphics. Here we can see contour lines showing elevation.

Isopach Map

Link here.

Isopachs are isolines that connect lines of equal rock thickness.

Isohyets

Link here.

Isohyets are isolines that connect equal points of precifipation. This is a thematic classed choropleth map that uses isohyets. 

Isotachs

Link here.

Isotachs are lines that connect points of equal wind speed. They are a type of isolines.

LIDAR image: Manhattan

Link here.
LIDAR uses electromagnetic radiation, sometimes lazers, to remotely sense an area. This image shows the heat these buildings generate.

Doppler Radar: Hurricane Charlie

Link here.
Doppler radar images are used to see what the weather is like. They show severity of clouds/precipitation by color.  This is done when the radar produces a microwave signal, which bounces off of particles in the atmosphere. By measuring the return wavelengths, the radar can predict size and density of particles, and the wind speed and direction, and thus what the weather is like.

Black and White Aerial Photo

Link here.

This is a black and white aerilal photo. These are good for showing contrast between land and water.

Infrared Aerial Photo

Link here.

Infrared aerial photos are good for capturing vegetation and the effect humans have had on earth's surface. This is a photo of water hyacinths in East Africa.

Cartographic Animation: 2004 Tsunami

Link here.
Cartographic animation uses animation to display change in a map. This map uses animation to display changes in tsunami waves after an earthquake.

Statistical Map

Link here.
A statistical map show distances between objects, but not physical distance.  For example, a statistical map would map the closeness of ideas. This one is a map of Facebook users.

Cartogram:World Military Spending

Link here.
A cartogram is a map in which another variable is used in place of land area or distance. Land area and distance is distorted to emphasize this other variable. In this cartogram, the areas of countries is in proportion to their military spending. About half of military spending in the world is from the United States.

Flow Map: African Diaspora

Link here.
A flow map, like this one, shows the flow of people or things from one place to another. This map shows the African disaspora.